Branches of Engineering and their Functions

Within the broader concept of the engineering course or profession, there are a number of branches of engineering and their functions in the society were they remain relevant. The definition of what engineering means basically focuses on the major essence of its usefulness.

As a profession of its own, engineering can be the discipline and occupation that applies scientific theories, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to design, create, and analyze technological solutions cognizant of safety, human factors, physical laws, regulations, practicality, and cost.

Branches of Engineering

Although there are numerous other engineering sub-branches and interdisciplinary subjects that may or may not be part of the major engineering branches, yet the major branches of the course or profession are:

• • Chemical engineering
  • Civil engineering
  • Electrical engineering
  • Mechanical engineering.

• Chemical Engineering

Chemical engineering is an engineering field which deals with the study of operation and design of chemical plants as well as methods of improving production. Chemical engineers develop economical commercial processes to convert raw materials into useful products.

Functions

1. 1. 1. Conduct research to develop new and improved manufacturing processes.
      2. Design and plan the layout of equipment.
      3. Establish safety procedures for working with dangerous chemicals.
      4. Conduct tests and monitor production processes.
      5. Troubleshoot problems in manufacturing processes

• Civil Engineering

Civil engineering focuses on constructing, designing, and maintaining physical structures used by the public, such as dams, bridges, tunnels, roads, airports, subway systems, and water supply systems. Many of today’s engineers specialize in building eco-friendly architecture to combat climate change.

They work in many industries, like transportation, urban planning, and space. Famous civil engineering projects include the Great Wall of China, the Panama Canal, the Golden Gate Bridge, and the Eiffel Tower.

Functions

• 1. Assess Construction Site – Civil engineers have to assess and do a complete feasibility study of the construction site. They have to consider many factors, including the impact on nature and the surrounding environment, and plan accordingly.
  2. Planning the construction – Civil engineers have to plan out the whole construction process beforehand. This has to be a systematic process to facilitate the smooth flow of work. Every step has to be meticulously planned.
  3. Budgets – If the budget already has been set for the work, it is the job of the civil engineer to make sure all the construction happens within the budget. If the budget has not been set, the civil engineer, along with the planner, will take into account the raw materials required, machinery & equipment costs, labour required for the project, and set the budget and deadlines accordingly.
  4. Oversee the Construction – The biggest responsibility of a civil engineer is to oversee the construction. They have to be there to see the construction being done in phases set by them. They also check the quality during construction.
  5. Final Inspection – Before the project can be termed complete, civil engineers have to do a thorough final inspection of the construction. Once the structure is deemed safe, they prepare a report and label the construction as complete.

• Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineering focuses on electrical equipment and electronics. These engineers design, test, and maintain devices that use or produce electricity, from small objects like microchips and computers to large-scale projects like satellites and power station generators. Most electrical engineers complete tasks in an office or lab, though on-site work is also common.

Functions

• • • Design new ways to use electrical power to develop or improve products
    • Develop manufacturing, construction and installation standards
    • Direct the manufacturing, installation and testing of electrical equipment
    • Manage the production of electrical projects to ensure work is completed well, on time and within budget

• Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineering entails the development and production of mechanical systems and other devices in motion. These professionals use problem-solving, critical thinking, and the principles of math and physics to transform concepts into functional products, such as ships, firearms, household appliances, turbines, and vehicles.

This type of engineers relies on many of the same core components that have been used for thousands of years, including wheels, springs, screws, and axles.

Functions

• • • Designing Mechanical Systems: Mechanical engineers are responsible for creating and developing mechanical systems and products. This involves conceptualizing, modeling, and detailing designs for components or entire systems.
    • Analyzing and Testing Designs: Mechanical engineers perform analytical and computational assessments of designs to ensure they meet functional requirements, safety standards, and regulatory guidelines. They may also conduct physical testing and prototype development.
    • Project Management: Mechanical engineers often take on project management responsibilities, overseeing the entire product development lifecycle. This includes planning, scheduling, budgeting, and coordinating the efforts of a multidisciplinary team.
    • Materials Selection: Engineers choose appropriate materials for the construction of mechanical components, considering factors such as strength, durability, and cost. They also evaluate the environmental impact of material choices.
    • Thermal and Fluid Systems: In industries like HVAC, aerospace, and automotive, mechanical engineers design thermal and fluid systems. This involves optimizing heat transfer, fluid flow, and energy efficiency in systems like engines, cooling systems, and HVAC systems.
    • CAD Modeling and Drafting: Proficiency in computer-aided design (CAD) software is essential for mechanical engineers. They use these tools to create 3D models and detailed drawings of mechanical components and assemblies.
    • Manufacturing Support: Mechanical engineers work closely with manufacturing teams to ensure that designed products can be efficiently and cost-effectively produced. They may provide input on production processes, tooling, and quality control.
    • Quality Assurance and Control: Ensuring the quality of manufactured products is a key responsibility. Mechanical engineers develop and implement quality control procedures, conduct inspections, and address any issues related to product quality.
    • Research and Development: Mechanical engineers often engage in research and development activities to explore new technologies, materials, and methodologies. This can involve staying informed about industry trends and advancements.
    • Regulatory Compliance: Mechanical engineers must be aware of and adhere to relevant industry standards, codes, and regulations. They ensure that designs and products comply with safety and environmental requirements.
    • Collaboration and Communication: Effective communication is essential, as mechanical engineers collaborate with cross-functional teams, present design proposals, and provide updates on project progress. They may also communicate with clients, vendors, and regulatory authorities.
    • Lifecycle Maintenance and Upgrades: After a product is in service, mechanical engineers may be involved in maintenance and upgrades. They assess performance, identify areas for improvement, and implement modifications to enhance product functionality.